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The Pinetree Line

In the early 1950s, the Pinetree Line network of radar stations was established. This line, which featured a total of 44 stations, stretched along the 50th parallel, down the eastern coast and into southern Ontario and Quebec, and acted as an early warning detection system against a Soviet air attack.

In addition to the main radar stations, numerous un-manned Gap-filler radar sites were situated between each of the stations to fill in holes in coverage areas and detect any aircraft that were flying too low for detection by the main stations.  Advances in Gap-filler radar technology led eventually to the disbandment of the volunteer civilian organization, the Ground Observer Corps, who were ordinary citizens trained to spot enemy and other unknown aircraft and report them to their local Filter Stations for action.

Advances in radar technology eventually enabled radars to increase their coverage areas, and radar stations were slowly closed as other stations were able to cover their area of responsibility. 

Further technological advances would eventually lead to the demise of The Pinetree Line.  Starting in the mid-1980s, the remaining Pinetree stations were all shut down as part of the North American Air Defence Modernization Plan, with the final stations closing in 1991.

For the full history of the following former Pinetree Radar stations, visit Ren L’Ecuyer’s Pinetree Line web site (now archived and run by the Communications & Electronics Museum in Kingston, Ontario) – The Pinetree Line Home Page (c-and-e-museum.org) or Larry Wilson’s Radar Tech Page – http://www.lswilson.ca/page5.htm.

or read “Abandoned Military Installations of Canada Volume I: Ontario”, “Abandoned Military Installations of Canada Volume II: Quebec”, “Abandoned Military Installations of Canada Volume III: Atlantic and “Abandoned Military Installations of Canada Volume IV: Western and Northern, all author Paul Ozorak.

The source material that I used is from the above sources and any others listed in the individual entry.

No military presence remains at the former Pinetree stations, although four sites have been retained by the DND as remotely-operated costal radar detachments.

Permanent link to this article: https://militarybruce.com/abandoned-canadian-military-bases/pinetree-line/

ALBERTA

42 Radar Squadron Cold Lake See “Abandoned Military Bases – Alberta” 43 Radar Squadron: One of the last Pinetree stations to open, the facility opened in 1964 at a site 14 miles from RCAF Station Penhold, who provided support to the facility.  The radar station was SAGE-capable station with the FPR-27 Search, FPS-26 and FPS-506 …

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BRITISH COLUMBIA

Canadian Forces Station Kamloops: Established as part of the Pinetree Line of radar stations in 1958 as Kamloops Air Station and operated by No. 825 Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron of the United States Air Force, one of the many that would make up the Pinetree Line of Ground-Control Intercept (GCI) radar sites. As a …

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MANITOBA

Canadian Forces Station Beausejour: Opened in 1953 as Beausejour Air Force Station of the United States Air Force, with the radar functions being run by No. 916 Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron.  As a Ground-Control Intercept base, the 915th’s role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit’s radar scopes. …

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NEW BRUNSWICK

Canadian Forces Base Chatham – St Margaret’s Detachment: Opened in 1952 as RCAF Station St Margaret’s, the home of No. 2 Aircraft Control & Warning Unit (AC&W), which replaced the disbanded 2 ADCC from RCAF Station Chatham. In 1953, RCAF Station St Margaret’s became part of the newly formed Pinetree Line, a network of radar …

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NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR

Cartwright Air Station (United States Air Force): Opened in 1953 as Cartwright Air Force Station of the United States Air Force, with the radar functions being run by No. 922 Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron. Advances in radar technology eventually made the station unnecessary and as a result. the station closed in June 1968. Only …

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NORTHWEST TERRITORIES

Resolution Island Air Force Station (United States Air Force): Opened in 1954 as Resolution Island Air Force Station of the United States Air Force, with the radar functions being run by No. 920 Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron. The station would guide interceptors from the 64th Air Division at RCAF Station Goose Bay. Although officially …

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NOVA SCOTIA

Canadian Forces Station Sydney: Opened as part of the Pinetree Line of radar stations on the On 15 March 1953, located on the northern fringes of the city, with the radar functions being run by No. 221 Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron. The station was re-named CFS Sydney. Canadian Forces Station Sydney closed in 1993. …

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ONTARIO

Canadian Forces Station Armstrong: Opened in 1954 as Armstrong Air Station of the United States Air Force, with the radar functions being run by No. 914 Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron. On 1 April 1963 Armstrong was connected to the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, and the station became a long-range radar site. Corresponding with …

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QUÉBEC

Canadian Forces Station Senneterre: Opened as Royal Canadian Air Force Station Senneterre on 1 June 1953, the home of No. 34 Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron, one of Canada’s Pinetree Line radar stations. After the closure of CFS Val d’Or in 1976, CFS Senneterre took over Search and Rescue operations for Quebec’s northwestern region. In …

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SASKATCHEWAN

Canadian Forces Station Yorkton: RCAF Station Yorkton opened as a Pinetree Line radar station on 15 October 1962, about 10 miles west of the former wartime training base No. 11 Service Flying Training School. 46 Radar Squadron was formed to handle the radar duties, reporting to the Central NORAD Region. The station was re-named CFS …

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  1. Abandoned Military Base - CFS Foymount - Exploration Project

    […] CFS Foymount opened in 1952 as a radar and warning station. The radar was situation on top of 535 metre hill and was a part of the Pine Tree Line of Norad (North American Aerospace Defense Command) radar stations. These stations provided early warning in the case of a Soviet nuclear attack, which was of course, a looming concern at the time. CFS Foymount, however, was closed in 1974 due to other radar stations being powerful enough to cover its area of operation. […]

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